Power system protection training program in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The training comprehensively covered power system protection, from the fundamentals of numerical relays to protection functions and the protection of equipment such as generators, busbars, lines, transformers, and motors.
Trainer: Dr. Saeed Roostaee
April 20 – 23, 2025
Organizer: Fixx BZ Resources
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Some of the topics discussed in the training :
Numerical Relay hardware and relay selection
- Numerical relay structures
- SIPROTEC 5 Motor Protection Relays
- SIPROTEC 5 compact
- SIPROTEC 5 7SK8
- Properties of SIPROTEC 5
- SIPROTEC 5 online configurator
- SIPROTEC 5 order code
- SIPROTEC 5 Functions
- SIPROTEC 5 function points
- Current transformer connections
- SIPROTEC connection diagrams
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Motor Fault types and Motor Protection introduction
- Protection Functions for various fault types
- Motor Protection Coordination
- Motor starting
- Motor Protection ANSI code
- ANSI 50 / 51 – Phase overcurrent
- ANSI 50N / 51N or 50G/ 51G – Earth fault
- ANSI 46 – Negative sequence / unbalance
- ANSI 49RMS – Thermal overload
- ANSI 48 / 51LR /14 – Locked rotor / excessive starting time
- ANSI 66 – Starts per hour
- ANSI 38 / 49T – Temperature monitoring
- ANSI 27 – Undervoltage
- Motor protection single line diagram
- SIPROTEC motor protection connections
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SIPROEC 5 Configuration
- DIGSI 5 installation
- SIPROTEC drivers
- Start with DIGSI 5
- SIPROTEC 5 config procedure
- Embedding of Functions in the Device
- Motor Protection Application Templates
- SIPROTEC 5 Web browser
- Reading Indications from the PC
- Operational Log
- Fault Log
- Ground-Fault Log
- Fault Recording
- Fault recorder settings
- Fault recorder config
- Download fault records
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SIPROTEC 5 Function Groups
- Function-Group Type VI 3 phase
- Function-Group Type Motor
- Overview & Structure of the Function Group
- Application and Setting Notes
- FG Motor Signals
- Motor Monitor
- Current-Flow Criterion
- Circuit-Breaker Condition for the Motor
- Closure Detection
- Motor-State Detection
- Thermal Replica Rotor
- Overview & Structure of the Rotor Thermal Replica
- Rotor Thermal Replica settings
- Rotor Thermal Replica Signals
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SIPROTEC 5 Motor-Specific Functions
- Overcurrent protection functions
- Overcurrent Config in DIGSI 5
- Definite time Characteristic Curve
- Overcurrent Inverse-Time Characteristic Curve
- Overcurrent settings
- Overcurrent signals
- Motor-Starting Time Supervision config in DIGSI 5
- Overview & Structure of the Motor-Starting Time Supervision
- Motor-Starting Time Supervision settings
- Motor-Starting Time Supervision signals
- Motor Restart Inhibit Config in DIGSI 5
- Overview & Structure of the Motor Restart Inhibit
- Motor Restart Inhibit Settings
- Motor Restart Inhibit Signals
- Load-Jam Protection Motor config in DIGSI 5
- Overview & Structure of the Load-Jam Protection Motor
- Load-Jam Protection Motor Settings
- Load-Jam Protection Motor signals
Thermal Overload and Motor Differential Protections in SIPROTEC 5
- Thermal Overload Protection, Rotor Config in DIGSI 5
- Overview & Structure of the Thermal Overload Protection
- Thermal Overload Protection settings
- Thermal Overload Protection signals
- Motor differential protection
- Function-Group Types Motor Differential Protection
- Motor Differential Protection Overview & Structure
- Motor Differential Protection settings
- Motor Differential Protection signals
- Function-Group Type Motor (Stator)
- Function-Group Type Motor Side
- Motor Side settings
- Motor Side signals
Introduction to Power System Protection
What do we want to protect? Function of protection systems: Protection system elements
Key Protection System Elements
CT (Current Transformer)
VT or PT (Voltage Transformer or Potential Transformer) Protective Relay
Circuit Breaker Numerical Relays
Structure of Numerical Relay Architecture of the Numerical Relay Multifunction Protection Relays Example: Feeder Protection
Block diagram for typical numerical relays
Numerical Relays and Measurement
Digital Phasor Measurement Numerical Relay Calculations
Zones of Protection and Protection Functions
Zones of Protection
Protection Single Line Diagram Protection Functions:
Overcurrent Protection Earth Fault Protection
Negative Sequence Protection, Differential Protection
Voltage Protection, Frequency Protection, Directional Overcurrent, Impedance Protection
Definite-Time and Inverse-Time Characteristic Curves Directional Overcurrent Protection (Phases and Ground) Power Protection (P, Q), 3-Phase
Circuit-Breaker Failure Protection
Generator Protection
Why Generator Protection is crucial: Generator Faults
Generator Differential Protection Scheme:s Various Protection Types:
Stator Earth Fault Protection (100%, 95%, and 3rd harmonic schemes) Rotor Earth Fault Protection
Stator Overload Protection
Negative Phase Sequence (NPS) Protection, Over Voltage and Over Excitation Protection, Under Excitation Protection
Reverse Power Protection
Under and Over Frequency Protection Out-of-Step Protection
Backup Protection
Generator Impedance Protection (ANSI 21) Over Fluxing Protection (ANSI 24)
Over Under Volt (ANSI 27, 59G) Reverse Power (ANSI 32)
Under Excitation (ANSI 40G), Negative Sequence (ANSI 46), Overcurrent Voltage Dep (ANSI 51V,) Stator Earth Fault (ANSI 64S)
Rotor Earth Fault (ANSI 64F) Pole Slip (ANSI 78G)
Over Under Frequency (ANSI 81)
Generator Differential Protection (ANSI 87G) Turn-to-Turn Faults
Inadvertent Energization Protection
Session 1: Transformer Protection
Why Transformer Protection is important. Types of Transformer Faults:
Earth Fault on H.V. External Connections
Phase-to-Phase Fault on H.V. External Connection,s Internal Earth Fault on H.V. Windings
Internal Phase-to-Phase Fault on H.V. Windings, Short Circuit Between Turns, H.V. Winding,s Earth Fault on L.V. External Connections
Phase-to-Phase Fault on L.V. External Connections, Internal Earth Fault on L.V. Windings
Internal Phase-to-Phase Fault on L.V. Windings Short Circuit Between Turns L.V. Windings
Transformer Protection Scheme, Transformer Phase Shifts, Transformer Differential Protection, Bias Differentia,l Basic Principles
Stability under Magnetizing Inrush Conditions
Transformer-Restricted Earth Fault, Buchholz and Pressure Relief Device,s Over Excitation Protection
Session 2: Busbar Protection Busbar Protection Introduction Bus Configuration
Busbar Differential Protection Zones
Double Busbar Systems Check Zone
Zone Interconnection
Load Transfer in Double Busbar Central and Bay Unit Designs
Session 3: Line Protection
Transmission Line Faults
Fault Types: Transient and Persistent Methods of Protecting Transmission Lines:
Directional Overcurrent Directional Earth Fault
Fault Location in Transmission Line: Single-End Fault Location, Double-End Fault Location
Distance Protection:
Why Use Distance Protection? Distance Protection Methods SOTF Protection
STUB Protection
Line Differential Protection Breaker Failure