About This Training Package (Power System Protection)

Power System Protection for Beginners

Start your journey into Power System Protection with this practical, engineering-focused training course.

Designed for beginners and early-career engineers, this course explains the fundamental concepts of power system protection, substations, fault analysis, numerical relays, and protection schemes before moving into practical engineering using Siemens SIPROTEC 5.

Through step-by-step explanations and real engineering examples, you will develop the knowledge required to understand how modern protection systems detect, isolate, and clear faults to maintain a safe and reliable power system.

What You Will Learn

Power generation, transmission, and distribution fundamentals
HV substations and their primary equipment
GIS and AIS substations
Current Transformers (CTs) and Voltage Transformers (VTs)
Protection and control panels
Electrical schematics and protection single-line diagrams (PSLD)
Power system faults and fault detection principles
Protection philosophies and ANSI device numbers
Numerical relay fundamentals
Protection relay selection
Practical engineering with Siemens SIPROTEC 5
Relay online monitoring, Web UI, measurements, event logs, and fault records
Configuration of Overcurrent (50/51), Earth Fault (50N/51N), Directional Overcurrent (67), and Directional Earth Fault (67N) protection functions

Who Should Enroll?

Protection Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Commissioning Engineers
Substation Automation Engineers
Maintenance Engineers
Electrical Engineering Students
Anyone beginning a career in power system protection

Course Features

Duration: 13+ hours of pre-recorded video training
Beginner-friendly, step-by-step approach
Practical demonstrations using Siemens SIPROTEC 5
Real engineering examples and case studies
Downloadable reference materials and supporting files
Lifetime course updates
Certificate of Completion

Whether you are a student, graduate engineer, or experienced professional entering the protection field, this course provides the essential knowledge and practical skills needed to build a successful career in Power System Protection and Substation Automation.

Chaper 1: HV

A: Power Generation and Transmission

Basic overview of Generation and transmission
Power System components
World electricity generation
Single Line Diagram (SLD)
Power Generation Technologies
Hydro-Electric Power
Hydeo Power Plant in India
Fossil fuel power
Coal Power Station in India
Nuclear power generation
How does a Thermal power plant work?
Wind energy
Solar power
Power Grid Infrastructure
Electrical grid
India National Grid Map (N, NE, S, W, E)
European-wide synchronous grid
National Grid

B: Substation and Its Components

HV substation in India
Type Of Substations
Elements of Substation
Power Line
Ground wire
Wave trap
Potential transformer
Disconnect switch
Earth switch
Circuit breaker
Current transformer
Lightning arrester
Main transformer
Substation Layout
400/63/20 kV substation layout
General Single Line Diagram (SLD)
Protection Single Line Diagram (PSLD)

C: Type of Busbar Configurations

Single Bus-Bar Arrangement
Single Bus-Bar Arrangement with Bus Sectionalized
Main and Transfer Bus Arrangement
Double Bus Double Breaker Arrangement
Double Bus Single Breaker Arrangement
One and a Half Breaker Arrangement

D: GIS substation

GIS history
GIS Vs. AIS
GIS installation
Maintenance
GIS elements

E: Instrument transformers

Why are instrument transformers needed
Voltage/Potential Transformers (VT/PT)
Current Transformers (CTs)
Basic working principle
Bushing CT
Free-standing CT
Pass-through CT
Window-type CT
Bar-type CT
Wound type CT
High voltage CT
Tank type CT
Top-core CT
CT Ratio
CT Polarity
Excitation
CT circuits
VT circuits
Metering Core
Protection Core
CT classes
CT shorting block

E: Instrument transformers Supplementary files:

We’ve gathered some helpful resources about instrument transformers to support your study.

Chaper 2: LV

A: Control & Protection Panel

Introduction to Control Protection & Metering System
Type of Panels & their usage
Panel Construction & Components
Control Panel
Synch check
Panel Accessories and Components
Terminal Blocks
Metering Components
Wiring Components
Control Switches
Protection Relays
Automation Components
Protection Panel
TCS Relay
Trip Relay
Lockout Relay
Annunciator
Electromechanical Relays
Static Relay
Numeric Relays
BI/BO, AI/AO, CT/PT, NO/NC, Communication Ports.

B: Schmeatic Diagram

Introduction to Electrical Drawing
Typical Electrical Drawing Symbols
One-Line Diagrams (Single-Line Diagrams)
Overview of CRP Schematics
Connected line or wires
Wattmeter
Varmeter
Opened contact
Closed contact
Current transformer
Current transformer with marked polarity
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Thermal relay
Three-winding three-phase transformer
Overlap Line or wire
NO contact
NC contact
Coil
Emergency switch
Contactor
Changeover
Selector Switch
Push button
Power factor meter
Frequency meter
Therma OL relay
Timer
Terminal
Auxilary contactor
Panel and Equipment Layout

C: Protection Classification, Types & ANSI Codes

Common Acronyms
ANSI Standard Device Numbers
21 Distance Relay
21G Ground Distance
21P Phase Distance
24 Volts-per-Hertz Relay / Overfluxing
25 Synchronizing or Synchronism-Check Device
27 Undervoltage Relay
27P Phase Undervoltage
32R Reverse Power
46 Reverse-Phase or Phase Balance Current Relay or Stator Current Unbalance
49 Machine or Transformer Thermal Relay
Thermal Overload 50 Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay
50BF Breaker Failure 50N Neutral Instantaneous
Overcurrent 51 Time Overcurrent Relay
51N Neutral Time Overcurrent
51V Voltage-Resistant Time Overcurrent
59 Overvoltage Relay
67 Directional Overcurrent Relay
67N Neutral Directional Overcurrent
79 Ac Reclosing Relay / Auto Reclose
81O Over Frequency
81U Under Frequency
86 Locking-Out Relay
87 Differential Protective Relay
87B Bus Differential
87G Generator Differential
87GT Generator/Transformer Differential
87L Line Current Differential
87RGF Restricted Ground Fault

D: PSLD (Protection Single Line Diagrams)

Transformer protection single line diagram
Line protection single line diagram
Busbar protection single line diagram
Feeder protection single line diagram

Chaper3: Faults

A: Faults

Normal Operation of Power System
Abnormal Condition of Power System
What is the fault
Abnormalities
Types of faults
Faults in Windings
Symmetrical fault
Unsymmetrical faults
Fault statistics
Transmission Line Faults
Earth Fault on H.V. External Connections
Phase-to-Phase Fault on H.V. External Connections, Internal Earth Fault on H.V. Windings
Internal Phase-to-Phase Fault on H.V. Windings Short Circuit Between Turns H.V. Windings
Earth Fault on L.V. External Connections
Phase-to-Phase Fault on L.V. External Connections, Internal Earth Fault on L.V. Windings
Internal Phase-to-Phase Fault on L.V. Windings Short Circuit Between Turns L.V. Windings
Faults in Generators
Generator Stator Earth Fault
Generator internal faults
Faults due to the load
Overload
Unbalance Load
Loss of field

B: Fault Simulation and Studies

Fault calculations
Symmetrical Components
ETAP
DIgSILENT PowerFactory
PSCAD
Single-phase fault simulation
Three-phase fault simulation
Earth fault simulation

C: Criteria for fault detection

Overcurrent I>
Earth-current IE>
Current unbalance (negative sequence current I2>)
Undervoltage U<
Overvoltage U>
Over- and Under-frequency
Leakage (Differential) current
Underimpedance Z<

Chapter 4: Protection

A: Protection Introduction

Importance of the Protection System
What do we want to protect?
Function of protection systems
Requirements for system protection
Elements of a Protection System
Primary Protection
Backup Protection
Zones of Protection
Primary and Backup Protection
Protection Relay History
Electromechanical Relay
Static Relays
Numerical Relays

B: Numerical Relays

Numerical Relays
Advantages of Numerical Relays
Structure of Numerical Relays
How do Numerical Relays work?
Analog to Digital Conversion
Digital Phasor Measurement
Example Feeder protection
Numerical Relay Manufacturers

C: Relay Selection Guide

Available Device Types
Fields of Application
Medium-Voltage Application
Transformer Protection
Generator Protection
Line Protection
Busbar Protection

Chapter 5: SIPROTEC 5 Online Mode

A: Online Mode

Relay Offline Vs. Online Mode
Device Information
Config Information
Process Mode
Commissioning Mode
Simulation Mode
Edit device time
Copy the online device to the project
Assign an online device to the project
Change the assigned device
Create a backup from a device
Load the Configuration to the device
Retrieve Device Data

B: SIPROTEC 5 Web UI

Device Information
Relay Hardware and order code
Set the relay date and time in the web UI
Monitor Relay Displays
Monitor binary inputs
Monitor Binary outputs
Monitor LEDs
Access to all LOGs and download LOGs
Runtime Data
Monitor the recorded fault in the web UI
Manual Recording trigger
Download relay fault records
Measurements
Check the relay setting values
Change settings
Apply settings

C: Relay measurements

Operational measured values
Fundamental Components
Symmetrical Components
Function-specific measured values
Energy metered values
Statistical values
Primary values
Secondary values
Snapshot
Inject the three-phase values into the relay and monitor the relay measurements

D: Logs and Indications

Reading Indications from the PC
Operational Log
Fault Log
Ground-Fault Log
User-defined Logs
Config Logs in the matrix
Download Logs
Time stamp
Relative time
Entry Number
Function Structure
Signal name
Signal Value
Signal Quality

E: Fault Recorder

Fault Recorder Function
Fault recording with Pickup
Fault recording with Pickup & AR cycle
Storage settings
Pre-fault time parameter
Post-fault time parameter
Sampling Frequency
Fault recorder config
Download fault records
Comtrade format
COMTRADE Viewer
Time signals
Harmonic signals
Binary signals
RMS and Instantaneous values

Chapter 6: OC Protection Functions

A: Overcurrent 50/51

SIPROTEC 5 Over current config
Overcurrent DT element (ANSI 50)
Overcurrent IT element (ANSI 51)
Threshold parameter
Operate the delay parameter
Overcurrent curves
Method of measurement
Time dial parameter
OC logic in SIPROTEC 5
Block OC

B: Overcurrent Earth 50N/51N

Introduction to the Earth fault protection function
IE calculation
IE measurements
Config earth fault protection
Logic Diagram
Threshold
Operate delay

C: Directional Overcurrent 67

Why Directional overcurrent protection
How to configure Directional overcurrent protection ANSI 67 in SIPROTEC 5
Voltage Connection
Forward direction
Reverse direction
Blk. by meas.-volt. failure

D: Directional Overcurrent Earth 67N

How does 67N work?
How to configure 67N?
IN measured
3I0 calculated
Forward direction
Reverse direction

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