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Testing and Commissioning of Protective Relays

Content:

Supplementary Files: The important related files/ videos /software and attached to the course as extra files.

Any queries, please feel free to contact me at: saeed61850@gmail.com

Part A: Introduction, general settings, Hardware & connection, Impedance/Vector/report View, the test object, …

  • A 01 (Length: 02 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Introduction
  • A 02 (Length: 05 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Strat page (Omicron)
  • A 03 (Length: 06 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): General settings (Omicron)
  • A 04 (Length: 05 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Strat page (Vebko)
  • A 05 (Length: 14 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Phasor view, Impedance view (Omicron)
  • A 06 (Length: 06 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Phasor view, Impedance view, differential view (Vebko)
  • A 07 (Length: 04 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Hardware connection
  • A 08 (Length: 10 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section with Omicron 256 plus, SEL 421

Part B: Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Functions (67, 67N, 50, 51, 50N, 51N)

  • B 01 (Length: 19 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Test object, Overcurrent RIO block, testing of overcurrent
  • B 02 (Length: 16 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Settings of the Overcurrent test module
  • B 03 (Length: 15 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section
  • B 04 (Length: 17 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section
  • B 05 (Length: 06 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section
  • B 06 (Length: 15 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section
  • B 07 (Length: 09 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section
  • B 08 (Length: 15 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section
  • B 09 (Length: 22 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section
  • B 10 (Length: 23 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section (directional overcurrent concepts, settings, practice)
  • B 11 (Length: 06 min, Update: Oct 3, 2021): Practical section (directional overcurrent testing)

Part C: Differential Protection Functions (87G, 87T, 87L)

  • C 01 (Length: 03 min, Update: Oct 27, 2021): Diff protection principal
  • C 02 (Length: 11 min, Update: Oct 27, 2021): Diff parameters
  • C 03 (Length: 12 min, Update: Oct 27, 2021): Diff RIO block
  • C 04 (Length: 05 min, Update: Oct 27, 2021): Diff configuration
  • C 05 (Length: 07 min, Update: Oct 27, 2021): Diff Operating Characteristic
  • C 06 (Length: 12 min, Update: Oct 27, 2021): Diff Trip Time Characteristic & Diff Harmonic Restraint

Part D: XRIO and PTL

  • D 01 (Length: 13 min, Update: Nov 13, 2021): RIO and XRIO history and why we should use this format for relay testing, RIO structure, XRIO structure, Differences between RIO and XRIO files, XRIO features & benefits, LinkToXRIO
  • D 02 (Length: 05 min, Update: Nov 13, 2021): XRIO template, How to Import Relay Settings, How to find a proper XRIO template and filter based on the relay
  • D 03 (Length: 08 min, Update: Nov 13, 2021): Common problems while loading the relay settings into a template and how to solve the issues, XRIO template based on the relay versions
  • D 04 (Length: 06 min, Update: Nov 13, 2021): Explain a case study XRIO file
  • D 05 (Length: 10 min, Update: Nov 13, 2021): Modify a case study XRIO file
  • D 06 (Length: 09 min, Update: Nov 13, 2021): Modify the XRIO template, RIO blocks

Part E: Impedance Protection Functions

  • E 01 (Length: 09 min, Update: Nov 26, 2021): Distance RIO block
  • E 02 (Length: 07 min, Update: Nov 26, 2021): Advance Distance Test Module settings
  • E 03 (Length: 08 min, Update: Nov 26, 2021): Distance protection function principal, Impedance View
  • E 04 (Length: 18 min, Update: Nov 26, 2021): Analysis of several faults visually in the impedance view
  • E 05 (Length: 19 min, Update: Nov 26, 2021): Analysis of several distance relays (RAZOA, ABB REL670, SEL421, Siemens 7SA8x, MiCOM P442, NR PCS 931S, Protecta)
  • E 06 (Length: 08 min, Update: Nov 26, 2021): Distance Test Module settings
  • E 07 (Length: 12 min, Update: Nov 26, 2021): Preparing XRIO file for testing of impedance protection functions

Part F: Autoreclosure Function (ANSI 79)

  • F 01 (Length: 04 min, Update: Dec 03, 2021): Autoreclosure Description, auto reclose process
  • F 02 (Length: 05 min, Update: Dec 03, 2021): Autoreclosure settings, Autoreclose timing diagram
  • F 03 (Length: 11 min, Update: Dec 03, 2021): Autoreclosure simulation
  • F 04 (Length: 12 min, Update: Dec 03, 2021): Testing of AR in state sequencer
  • F 05 (Length: 09 min, Update: Dec 03, 2021): Testing of AR in the Autorecoser test module

Part G: Voltage and Frequency Protection Functions (ANSI 27, ANS59, ANSI81O, 81U)

  • G 01 (Length: 06 min, Update: Dec 08, 2021): Ramping test modules and testing the frequency functions
  • G 02 (Length: 05 min, Update: Dec 08, 2021): Paulse ramping test module
  • G 03 (Length: 06 min, Update: Dec 08, 2021): Continous ramp and step ramp
  • G 04 (Length: 11 min, Update: Dec 08, 2021): How to test Over/Under voltage protection functions (59, 27)

Part H: Study functions, testing, and commission of SIPROTEC 7UT6

  • H 01 (Length: 10 min, Update: Dec 20, 2021): SIPROTEC 7UT6 setting description and configuration
  • H 02 (Length: 14 min, Update: Dec 20, 2021): How to test differential function in SIPROTEC 7UT6, No combined characteristic feature, Automate testing by creating SIEMENS 7UT XRIO file
  • H 03 (Length: 18 min, Update: Jan 01, 2022): The procedure of testing transformer protection with Quick CMC

Part K: Study functions, testing, and commission of MiCOM P44x

  • K 01 (Length: 19 min, Update: Oct 31, 2022): Hardware and function description of the MiCOM P441, P442 & P444
  • K 02 (Length: 17 min, Update: Oct 31, 2022): MiCOM Relay connections, communication, and Wire connection test
  • K 03 (Length: 05 min, Update: Nov 1, 2022): Distance protection parameters and testing
  • K 04 (Length: 10 min, Update: Nov 1, 2022): Switch on to fault protection (SOTF) function parameters and testing
  • …
Testing and Commissioning of Protective Relays Training

  • Introduction, Software Installation, and general settings
  • Different types of test modules
  • Impedance/Vector/report View, Display settings
  • Test Object, Hardware Configuration
  • RIO, XRIO, and PTL
  • Control Center, How to create and modify XRIO/ PTL files
  • Transient module, Advanced transplay
  • RIO Function Over Current, Define Element Characteristic, Pick-Up/ Drop-Off Test
  • Testing of the Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent Functions (67, 67N, 50, 51, 50N, 51N)
  • Distance Configuration, Settings, Shot Test, Check Test, Search Test, Z\t Diagram, Zone Settings
  • Testing of the Distance function (21)
  • Principle of Differential Protection, Operating Characteristic, Differential Configuration, Differential Operating Characteristic, Differential Trip Time, and Harmonic Restraint
  • Testing of the Differential protection function (87, 87G, 87T)
  • Testing of the Power swing function
  • Autoreclosure, shot and times, unsuccessful / Successful Sequence
  • Testing of the Autorecloser function
  • Testing of the Fault location function
  • Testing of the Over/Under frequency (81O/ 81U)
  • Testing of the Over/Undervoltage (59, 27)
  • Testing of the Pole-Slip function (78)
  • Testing of the Loss of Excitation (40)
  • Testing of the Negative Phase Sequence (46)
  • Testing of the Overload (49)
  • How to test the distance function if the distance module is deactivated in the test universe software
  • How to test differential function if the differential module is deactivated in the test universe
  • Practical sections with testing of the relays (ABB REG670, MiCOM P441, MiCOM P123, …)
Training on Testing and commissioning by Dr. Saeed Roostaee
This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is IMG_20210517_150836.jpg
OMICRON Test Universe & relay tester CMC 356
OMICRON Test Universe V 4.3 & relay tester CMC 356
Vebko AMPro & Relay tester Vebko AMT 105
Vebko AMPro & Relay tester Vebko AMT105
FREJA Win & relay tester FREJA 300
FREJA Win & relay tester FREJA 300

Testing and commissioning by Dr. Saeed Roostaee

The testing & commissioning of the protection relays can be done by different testing software and hardware. In this training, we have used OMICRON Test universe, Vebko AMpro, and FREJA win.

  1. T 1000: Click here to download
  2. T 1001: Click here to download
  3. T 1002: Click here to download
  4. T 1003: Click here to download
  5. T 1004: Click here to download
  6. T 1005: Click here to download
  7. T 1006: Click here to download
  8. T 1007: Click here to download
  9. T 1008: Click here to download
  10. T 1009: Click here to download
  11. T 1010: Click here to download
  12. T 1011: Click here to download
  13. T 1012: Click here to download
  14. T 1013: Click here to download
  15. T 1014: Click here to download
  16. T 1015: Click here to download
  17. T 1016: Click here to download
  18. T 1017: Click here to download
  19. T 1018: Click here to download
  20. T 1019: Click here to download
  21. T 1020: Click here to download
  22. T 1021: Click here to download
  23. T 1022: Click here to download
  24. T 1023: Click here to download
  25. T 1024: Click here to download
  26. T 1025: Click here to download
  27. T 1026: Click here to download
  28. T 1027: Click here to download
  29. T 1028: Click here to download
  30. T 1029: Click here to download
  31. T 1030: Click here to download
  32. T 1031: Click here to download
  33. T 1032: Click here to download
  34. T 1033: Click here to download
  35. T 1034: Click here to download
  36. T 1035: Click here to download
  37. T 1036: Click here to download
  38. T 1037: Click here to download
  39. T 1038: Click here to download
  40. T 1039: Click here to download
  41. T 1040: Click here to download
  42. T 1041: Click here to download
  43. T 1042: Click here to download
  44. T 1043: Click here to download
  45. T 1044: Click here to download
  46. T 1045: Click here to download
  47. T 1046: Click here to download
  48. T 1047: Click here to download
  49. T 1048: Click here to download
  50. T 1049: Click here to download
  51. T 1050: Click here to download

Generator Protection Training Package

Generator Protection Training Package

  • Trainer: Dr. Saeed Roostaee (Profile on Linkedin)
  • Pre-recorded videos
  • Supplementary Files
  • The course is licensed and you need a Windows computer to view the videos
  • Download this course: contact us or leave a comment on this post

Main course:

Part A: Introduction, review the generator construction and protection

  • GA 01 (10 min, Dec 30, 2021): Cylindrical and salient pole rotors, generator connections, normal Operation, abnormal Conditions, generator protection, function of a protection System, generator grounding techniques, fault Current Behavior of a synchronous generator
  • GA 02 (12 min, Dec 30, 2021): stator winding faults, field winding or rotor circuit faults, abnormal operating conditions, the object of the protection system, generator protective relaying technology, multifunction generator protection systems (MGPS), numerical relays, generator ANSI codes, IEEE Recommendations for different Generator protection functions, an overview of different generator relays from different manufactures (ABB, Schneider, SEL, Siemens)
  • GA 03 (08 min, Dec 30, 2021): The review of REG 670 relay, the hardware structure of REG670, rearview and front view of REG670, main protection functions, backup protection functions, control & monitoring functions, REG670 templates (A20, B30, C30)
  • GA 04 (18 min, Dec 30, 2021): REG670 configuration (online, offline)
  • GA 05 (17 min, Dec 30, 2021): REG670 configuration (online, offline)
  • GA 06 (10 min, Dec 30, 2021): injecting signals and monitoring in the REG670 signal monitoring, config binary outputs
  • GA 07 (12 min, Dec 30, 2021): signal monitoring and troubleshooting technique
  • GA 08 ( 22 min, Dec 30, 2021): config and testing of the inverse time overcurrent in REG670
  • GA 09 (23 min, Dec 30, 2021): config and settings of the directional overcurrent in REG670
  • GA 10 (06 min, Dec 30, 2021): testing of the directional in REG670
  • GA 11 (10 min, Jan 20, 2022): theory of operation of synchronous AC Generator, typical generation systems, grounding strategies

Part B: Generator differential protection

  • GB 01 (04 min, Jan 08, 2022): Review of the generator protection functions in Single line diagram
  • GB 02 (03 min, Jan 08, 2022): Principal of differential protection function
  • GB 03 (10 min, Jan 08, 2022): Configurations and parameters of the generator differential protection block
  • GB 04 (01 min, Jan 20, 2022): phase differential element

Part C: Generator stator earth fault protection

  • GC 01 (06 min, Jan 20, 2022): why stator earth fault protection, 59N, 27TN, 100 % stator earth fault protection?
  • GC 02 (08 min, Jan 20, 2022): stator earth fault protection
  • GC 03 (06 min, Jan 20, 2022): Configuration and parameter settings of the 100 stator earth fault function block

Part D: Generator Under excitation / Loss-of -Excitation (ANSI 40 ) protection

  • GD 01 (03 min, Jan 20, 2022): causes of loss of field, generator capability curve, end region heating, steady-state stability limit, under excitation limiter
  • GD 02 (08 min, Jan 20, 2022): Generator Capability Curve
  • GD 03 (02 min, Jan 20, 2022): PQ plane and RX plane
  • GD 04 (07 min, Jan 20, 2022): Impact of the generator loss of excitation
  • GD 05 (04 min, Jan 20, 2022): generator loss of excitation protection
  • GD 06 (05 min, Jan 20, 2022): Configuration and parameter settings of the loss of excitation function block

Part E: Generator Out of Step Protection (Pole Slip)

  • GE 01 (01 min, Jan 20, 2022): generator loses synchronism or Out of-step or pole slip definition
  • GE 02 (19 min, Jan 20, 2022): generator pole slip
  • GE 03 (18 min, Jan 20, 2022): generator pole slip protection
  • GE 04 (09 min, Jan 20, 2022): Configuration and parameter settings of the pole slip function block

Part F: Generator negative sequence protection

  • GF 01 (03 min, Jan 29, 2022): Negative Sequence Protection (46)
  • GF 02 (09 min, Jan 29, 2022):
  • GF 03 (02 min, Jan 29, 2022): continuous and short-time unbalanced current capabilities

Part G: Generator low forward and Reverse Power (Anti-Motoring or Loss of Prime Mover protection)

  • GG 01-03 (12 min, Jan 29, 2022): potential damages for each generator type

Part H: Generator Over-Under Frequency and Generator under-voltage protection

  • GH 01 (06 min, Jan 29, 2022): Over-Under Frequency (81U, 81O)
  • GH 02 (03 min, Jan 29, 2022): under-voltage protection (27, 59G)

Supplementary files:

Update December 22, 2021

  1. Synchronous generator protection (.pdf)
  2. Underimpedance protection ANSI 21B (.pdf)
  3. Generator Overfluxing protection ANSI 24 (.pdf)
  4. Generator Loss of field protection ANSI 40 (.pdf)
  5. Inadvertent energization protection ANSI 50/27 (.pdf)
  6. 100% stator earth fault protection ANSI 64G (.pdf)
  7. Generator Pole slip protection ANSI 78PS (.pdf)
  8. ABB generator protection e-book (.pdf)
  9. Areva generator protection e-book (.pdf)
  10. Protection against loss of excitation in generators (.pdf)
  11. Loss-of-excitation Protection for Synchronous Generators (.pdf)
  12. Application of Out-of-Step Blocking and Tripping Relays (.pdf)
  13. Generating Station Protection (.pdf)
  14. IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection (.pdf)
  15. Standard PRC Generator Frequency and Voltage Protective Relay Settings (.pdf)
  16. REG216 Manual (.pdf)
  17. REG316 Manual (.pdf)
  18. Generator protection relay setting calculations (.pdf)
  19. Generator protection (.pdf)
  20. Protection of Synchronous Generators (.pdf)
  21. IEEE Guide for Abnormal Frequency Protection for Power Generating Plants (.pdf)
  22. IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection (.pdf)
  23. IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection (.pdf)
  24. IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection (.pdf)
  25. A-C GENERATOR AND MOTOR PROTECTION (.pdf)
  26. SIPROTEC Multi-Functional Generator Protection Relay 7UM61 (.pdf)
  27. SEL-300G Generator Relay (.pdf)
  28. SEL-700G Family of Generator and Intertie Protection Relays (.pdf)
  29. G60 Generator Protection System (.pdf)
  30. Generator protection REG670 (.pdf)
  31. Sepam 2000 Generator (.pdf)
  32. Generator Data Sheet (.pdf)
  33. CT Performance in Differential Relay Circuits (.pdf)
  34. Dynamic and Steady State Stability Limits (.pdf)
  35. Swing Impedance Locus Calculation Using Excel (.pdf)
  36. Generator Shaft Torsional Transients (.pdf)
  37. Generator Normal Operations (.pdf)
  38. Generator Short Circuit Calculations (.pdf)
  39. Generator Differential Relay: 87G (.pdf)
  40. Backup Fault Protection (.pdf)
  41. Generator Ground Fault Protection (.pdf)
  42. Unbalanced Current Protection (.pdf)
  43. Motoring Protection (.pdf)
  44. Overexcitation (.pdf)
  45. Abnormal Frequency Protection (.pdf)
  46. Minimum Excitation Limiter (.pdf)
  47. Loss of Synchronism (.pdf)
  48. Loss of Field Protection (.pdf)
  49. Synchronization Protection (.pdf)
  50. Accidental Energization Protection (.pdf)

Update Feb 02, 2022

REG670 excel spreadsheets (Revision01): Helpful excel file to set the REG670 parameters

Update March 15, 2022

  1. Coordination of generator protection with generator excitation control and generator capability (.pdf)
  2. Impact of excitation system on power system stability (.pdf)
  3. Investigation on Generator Loss of Excitation Protection in Generator Protection Coordination (.pdf)
  4. Generator capability curve (.pdf)
  5. Impact of leading power factor loads on synchronous alternators (.pdf)
  6. Synchronous Machines (.pdf)
  7. Synchronous Generator Characteristics Curve (.pdf)

Note: This course will be updated over time, updates are free, and no extra charges.

Certificate of Completion

After activating the Generator Protection training pack on your system, we will issue your certificate for the course.

  1. GP-1002: Click here to download
  2. GP-1003: Click here to download
  3. GP-1004: Click here to download
  4. GP-1005: Click here to download
  5. GP-1006: Click here to download
  6. GP-1007: Click here to download
  7. GP-1008: Click here to download
  8. GP-1009: Click here to download
  9. GP-1010: Click here to download
  10. GP-1011: Click here to download
  11. GP-1012: Click here to download
  12. GP-1013: Click here to download
  13. GP-1014: Click here to download
  14. GP-1015: Click here to download
  15. GP-1016: Click here to download
  16. GP-1017: Click here to download
  17. GP-1018: Click here to download
  18. GP-1019: Click here to download
  19. GP-1020: Click here to download
  20. GP-1021: Click here to download
  21. GP-1022: Click here to download
  22. GP-1023: Click here to download
REG670 training
REG670
REG670 testing
Generator & Step-up transformer Protection
  • 87G Generator Differential Protection
  • 87T GSU Trans. Differential Protection
  • 87GT Overall Differential Protection
  • 40G Generator Field Failure Protection
  • 78G Generator Pole Slipping Protection
  • 50S, Generator Split phase overcurrent protection
  • 46 Generator Negative Phase Sequence Protection
  • 51V Generator Voltage-Dependent O/C Protection
  • 49S Generator Stator Overload Protection
  • 59G Generator Overvoltage Protection
  • 21G Generator Underimpedance Protection
  • 27G Generator Undervoltage Protection
  • 32R Generator Reverse Power Protection
  • 64S Generator 95%&100% Stator Earth Fault Protection
  • 51/27 Generator Dead Machine Protection
  • 64GB Generator Busbar Earth Fault Protection
  • 64R Generator Rotor Earth Fault Protection
  • 81O Generator Overfrequency Protection
  • 81U Generator Underfrequency Protection
  • 24G Generator Overflux Protection
  • 47G Generator Fuse Failure Supervision
  • 50/51ET Excitation Trans. Overcurrent Protection
  • 49ET Excitation Trans. Overload Protection
  • 51N-GSU Gen. Step-up Trans. Neutral Point OvercurrentProtection
  • 64T GSU Trans. Restricted Earth Fault Protection
  • 50/51T GSU Trans. Over Current Protection
  • 50/51SST Station Service Trans. Over Current Protection
  • …..
Generator-transformer protection

+

Cylindrical Rotor & Stator
Salient Pole Rotor & Stator

WHY GENERATOR PROTECTION?

  • Unnecessary tripping of Generators is undesirable (production losses, black-out, startup time)
  • Not tripping and damaging the machine would be expensive (to repair)

The fault current in the faulted generator does not stop when the Generator is tripped or the field breaker is tripped. The flux/energy stored in the field will continue to supply fault current for several seconds

ABB REG 670
  • Generator differential
  • Transformer differential
  • Four-step overcurrent protection (DFT-based measurement)
  • Four-step residual overcurrent protection
  • Over/under voltage protection (DFT based measurement)
  • Residual overvoltage protection
  • Overexcitation protection
  • General current and voltage protection
  • Directional over/under power function
  • …
GE G60 Generator Protection
  • 21P Phase distance backup
  • 51N Neutral time overcurrent
  • 24 Volts per hertz
  • 59N Neutral overvoltage
  • 25 Synchrocheck
  • 59P Phase overvoltage
  • 27P Phase Undervoltage
  • 59X Auxiliary overvoltage
  • 27TN Third harmonic neutral Undervoltage
  • 59_2 Negative-sequence overvoltage
  • 27X Auxiliary Undervoltage
  • 64F Field ground protection
  • 32 Sensitive directional power
  • 64S Sub-harmonic stator ground protection
  • 40 Loss of excitation
  • 64TN 100% stator ground
  • 46 Generator unbalance
  • 67_2 Negative-sequence directional overcurrent
  • 49 Thermal overload protection (RTD)
  • 67N Neutral directional overcurrent
  • 50BF Breaker failure
  • 67P Phase directional overcurrent
  • 50G Ground instantaneous overcurrent
  • 68 Power swing blocking
  • 50N Neutral instantaneous overcurrent
  • 78 Out-of-step protection
  • 50P Phase instantaneous overcurrent
  • 81O Overfrequency
  • 50SP Split phase protection
  • 81R Rate of change of frequency
  • 50/27 Accidental energization
  • 81U Underfrequency
  • 51G Ground time overcurrent
  • 87RGF Restricted ground fault
  • 51PV Phase time overcurrent with voltage restraint
  • 87S Stator differential
  • …
SEL 700 G Generator Protection
SEL-300G Generator Relay
SIPROTEC 7UM Generator with Auxiliary Transformer
The Sepam 2000

Basic Generator Protection Features

  • Ground differential
  • Sensitive restricted earth fault
  • Thermal overload
  • Negative-sequence
  • Residual-ground and neutral-ground overcurrent elements
  • Directional residual-ground
  • Overcurrent elements
  • Unbalance element
  • Voltage-controlled, voltage-restrained time-overcurrent
  • Breaker failure protection for three-pole breaker
  • Under- and overvoltage
  • Inverse-time over- and Undervoltage elements
  • Loss-of-potential element
  • Volts/hertz or overexcitation protection
  • Directional power elements
  • Loss-of-field
  • Over- and under frequency protection
  • Rate-of-change-of- frequency
  • RTD protection
  • …
Optional Generator Protection
  • Generator synchronism check
  • Synchronism-check under- and overvoltage
  • Inverse-time over- and Undervoltage
  • Out-of-step
  • vector shift
  • 100% stator ground protection
  • …..